Noun

As in English, a noun names a person, a place, an animal, an object, or an abstract.

Examples: 

Person: Mina: مینا

Place: Kabul: کابل

Animal: Cat: peshak: پشک

Object: book: Ketaab: کتاب

Abstract: Pride: Ghoroor: غرور

Proper and Common Noun

A proper noun refers only to a particular person, place, or object that is generally unique.

A common noun makes a general reference to any place, object, and applies to any member/unit within the same category.

Capitalization

Unlike in English, the first letter of a proper noun, or the first letter of a word that begins the sentence does not need to be capitalized.

Gender Noun

Unlike English, we do not assign a gender/gender pronoun to objects. In English, however infrequent, gender can be assigned to certain nouns. 

That is my car. She is beautiful. 

.آن موتر من است. آن موتر مقبول است

Aan (آن), meaning that is a pronoun that is gender neutral.

Countable Noun

The nouns that can be counted are countable nouns. Unlike in English, the vowel at the beginning of a noun does not determine whether "a" or "an" is used as a quantifying article. Therefore:

a = an = یک
An apple = یک سیب
A watermelon = یک تربوز

How to Pluralize Countable Nouns

In general, by adding the suffix haa, ها to a noun, we can pluralize it.

Examples:

S: Cup: پیاله: piaala           S: Shirt: پیراهن: peraahan      S: Pen: قلم: qalam             S: House: خانه: khana      S: Boy: بچه: bacha

P: cups: پیاله ها: piala-haa P: shirts: پیراهن ها: perahan-haa P: pens: قلم ها: qalam-haa P: houses: خانه ها: khana-haa P: boys: بچه ها: bacha-haa

Exceptions to the Rule:

Sometimes, a singular noun could also be pluralized by adding the suffice aat, آت  to it, (borrowed from Arabic) such as:

(S) Border: sarhad: سرحد        (P) Borders: Sarhad-aat: سرحدات
(S) Problem: Mushkel: مشکل   (P) Problems: Mushkelat: مشکلات

In a few instances, a singular noun is pluralized by adding aan, آن to it (borrowed from Arabic) as a suffix to that noun:

(S) Girl: dukhtar: دختر           (P) Girls: dukhtaraan: دختران               
(S) Talib: talib: طالب              (P) Taliban: talebaan: طالبان

Unique Plurals

In English, some nouns are uniquely pluralized by altering the spelling of them. For example, a man, becomes men, and a mouse becomes mice when pluralized. In Dari, however, such exception does not exist, and pluralization follows the general rule of adding haa as a suffix to the noun. Thus, موش, moosh, mouse becomes موشها mooshhaa, and مرد, madr, man becomes مردها mardhaa!

Also, in Dari we do not pluralize objects existing in a pair, such as: Pants: پتلون  and Scissors: قیچی

Non-countable Noun

One Kilogram flour.	Yak kilo aard.	یک کیلو آرد
One sack of wheat.	Yak booji gandom.	یک بوجی گندم
A glass of water.	Yak gelaas aab.	یک گیلاس آب
A liter of gas.	Yak leetar te’l.	یک لیتر تیل

Compound Noun

Just as in English, a compound noun is formed by combining, or writing two or more words next to each other. In Dari, however, we do not use hyphenation between the words that form a compound word.

Examples:

Turkey, (Elephant Bird) Feel morgh : فیلمرغ

Intersection, (Four way) Chahar Rahee :چهارراهی

Grand Father, Padar Kalan :پدرکلان

Parenthood, (having child) Awlad Daari :اولادداری

When the second word explains what the first word's purpose or function is, then the proposition e' (a soft vowel) is required to link the two. This formation is also called Possessive Noun:

کریم دندان: Cream e Dandan, Toothpaste: Note that 'e' represents the proposition of/for in this compound word. Therefore, it literally means: The paste of/for teeth.
داکتر اطفال: Daaktar e Atfaal, Pediatrician - Literal Meaning: The Doctor of Children.
میز کار: Mez e kaar, Desk - Literal Meaning: The Table of/for Work.

Possessive Noun

A compound noun suggesting the position of one noun by the other. Possessive nouns are formed by simply adding the proposition e' in between the two components, regardless if the noun is singular or plural.

Note: If the object noun ends with alef (ا), e' is written with yaa (ی). If it ends with a hay/he (ه), then e' is written as hamza, (ء). Also, in these cases, e' is pronounced ye. 


Examples:

Ali's book.	Ketaab-haa ye Ali.	کتابهای علی
Waheed's shop.	dokaan e Waheed	دکان وحید
Car's engine	Maasheen e motar.	ماشین موتر
Tree's fruit.	Mewa ye darakht	میوهء درخت